The number of Americans with diabetes mellitus, known simply as diabetes, has reached almost 25 million, while about two million more are considered pre-diabetic. Diabetes is a disease not only affecting the United States, but other parts of the world. In the past decades, physicians have been learning more about this condition in order to treat and manage it effectively. There are even public and private programs aiming to educate the public about this disease. Despite these, many misconceptions about diabetes still persist, preventing people from being able to deal well with diabetes. So, here are some of the more common myths associated with this disease, and the truth behind each fallacy.
Myth 1: Diabetes is caused by eating too many sweets
This is probably the most common and persistent myth about diabetes. Many people think that since diabetes is defined as having high blood sugar (glucose) levels, eating a lot of sugar-y food will increase your blood glucose. The truth is that the level of glucose in your blood is controlled by substances called hormones. These hormones are there to make sure that your blood glucose level remains fairly constant, even if your diet is not as well-balanced or as healthy as it should be. One of these hormones is called insulin, which is responsible for helping your cells take up glucose from your blood, thus, lowering your blood glucose level.
There are two types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, your body is unable to produce enough insulin. In type 2 diabetes, your body does not respond to insulin as it should, and insulin is not able to do its job effectively. Both types of diabetes are thought to be caused by genetic factors. Your chances for developing type 2 diabetes also increase if you are overweight. Although a diet rich in sugar may lead to becoming overweight, it doesn’t follow that having a sweet tooth will cause you to have diabetes. However, that also doesn’t mean that you should eat whatever you want. Which leads to the next myth…
Myth 2: People with diabetes have to follow a very strict diet
Many people think that having diabetes means eating little to no carbs. It is true that people with diabetes have to limit the amount of processed sugar and simple carbohydrates that they eat—within reason. However, carbohydrates—especially complex carbohydrates—are an important part of a well-balanced diet, regardless of whether or not you have diabetes. What people with diabetes should do is follow a sensible eating plan that is beneficial to everyone: a diet that includes complex carbohydrates and vegetables and one that is low in sodium, trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
Myth 3: Fruit and sugar-free drinks and snacks are good for people with diabetes
Fruits contain plenty of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can boost your health, strengthen your immune system, and reduce your risk for some diseases. However, some fruits, such as mangoes, have a high amount of simple carbohydrates. Your doctor and dietician can guide you about the kind and quantity of fruit you should eat.
Since diet soda and snacks labeled sugar-free appear to contain no sugar, many people think they are helpful for those with diabetes. The truth is that diet soda makes you feel full while having no nutritional value, so you may not feel like eating food that is actually healthy. Sugar-free snacks aren’t actually sugar-free; instead, they use sweeteners other than table sugar that may also contain carbohydrates. Sometimes, these snacks contain more calories and chemicals than the original version that actually contains sugar. These snacks may also cause weight gain and an elevation in your blood glucose level.
Myth 4: Only overweight or obese people develop diabetes
While being above the healthy weight for your age and height does increase your risk for type 2 diabetes, it doesn’t mean that a few extra pounds will inevitably lead to diabetes. There are normal weight and even underweight people who develop diabetes as well. However, it is best to maintain a healthy weight. Not only does it reduce your risk for diabetes, but it may also prevent the development of other serious diseases, such as high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes.
Myth 5: Exercise is a no-no for people with diabetes
People with diabetes should always consult their doctor before beginning an exercise plan. Exercise that is prolonged or strenuous can lead to a condition known as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can make you feel very weak or even lead to fainting spells and seizures. However, the proper kind of exercise, together with the right food intake, is very helpful to people with diabetes. Exercise helps you maintain a healthy weight. With exercise, your body is better able to use insulin. You can also reduce the risk of complications from diabetes by exercising regularly.
The truth about diabetes
By working together with your doctor and dietician, you can come up with the right exercise and meal plan in order to help you better manage your disease. While a few lifestyle changes are necessary, it isn’t difficult to adapt to them. Diabetes is a very serious disease, but with the right knowledge and a positive attitude, you don’t have to let diabetes stop you from leading a long, active, enjoyable life.